Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid derived from grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, though the azelaic acid used in skincare products is typically synthesized for purity and consistency. While it is neither an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) nor a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA), azelaic acid provides mild exfoliation that supports cell turnover. This gentle action makes it suitable for sensitive skin types. Additionally, azelaic acid offers unique benefits beyond those of AHAs and BHAs, such as targeting uneven skin tone, reducing redness, and helping to clear acne without causing significant irritation.

Facial toners are a great addition to any skincare routine, as they help remove any remaining oil, dirt, or debris that cleansing alone might leave behind. By deep-cleaning the pores, toners can reduce the likelihood of breakouts, especially for oily and combination skin types. Research supports this claim, as studies like the one published in the Journal of Dermatological Science highlight how thorough cleansing, including the use of toner, can improve clarity and help prevent pore blockage.